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                <text>Aurelian Walls &amp;  Porta San Sebastiano</text>
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                <text>Location: Rome&#13;
Date: 271-275 AD&#13;
Details: These fortifications replaced the fourth century BC "Servian Walls." Built by the emperor Aurelian in the late third century AD,  the walls ran in a 12 mile circuit around the city and included regular towers and gates. </text>
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                <text>Nero's Golden House (Domus Aurea)</text>
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                <text>Location: Rome&#13;
Date: 64-68 AD&#13;
Details: The Domus Aurea was a large park-and-residence palace built by the emperor Nero on the Oppian Hill. The building was constructed largely in the area destroyed in the "Great Fire" (AD 64), and included groves, vineyards, and an artificial lake. The buildings themselves were decked out in marble, jewels, and ivory, though the palace may have been called "Golden" because it was designed to let in maximum sunlight--which in turn would play off the shining marble and painted walls. &#13;
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&#13;
The palace was rediscovered in the 15th century, and many renaissance artists--including such luminaries as Raphael and Michelangelo--visited it to study the surviving paintings. &#13;
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                <text>Location: Rome&#13;
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Details: The mosaics in the apse depict Christ seated with (perhaps) "Ecclesia," a female personification of the church. The seven figures around Christ's throne are identified by labels, from left to right, as Pope Innocent II (who refounded the church in the 12th century); St. Lawrence; Pope St. Callixtus; St. Peter; Pope St. Cornelius; Pope St. Julius (who constructed the 4th century church); and St. Calepodius. </text>
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                <text>Temple of Portunus</text>
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                <text>Location: Rome&#13;
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                  <text>Poseidonia (later known as Paestum) was established around 600 BC by colonists from Sybaris, an older Greek colony on the south Italian coast.  The town seems to have flourished in the intervening centuries, judging from its significant architectural remains--most famously its three large temples, of which impressive ruins survive. &#13;
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                <text>Location: National Archaeological Museum of Paestum &lt;br /&gt;Date: 480-470 BC &lt;br /&gt;Details: The so-called Tomb of the Diver was discovered about a mile (1.5 km) south of the ruins of Paestum. The tomb consisted of a chamber built from five stone slabs--one for each of the walls and one for the roof--and covered with plaster. They feature one of the earliest and best preserved examples of Greek monumental painting. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The walls of the tomb depict a symposium, an important social gathering for aristocrats in ancient Greek communities. Participants at symposia would recline together on couches after a meal to enjoy drinking, poetry, music, and conversation. One of the men portrayed in this tomb holds a lyre--an instrument which was used to accompany lyric poetry--and a lyre was one of the grave goods in this tomb. The symposium scene clearly connects the tomb's occupant to the elite, male culture that was prevalent across the Greek world in this period. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, the tomb equally indicates connections to Italian cultural traditions. The covering slab features the painting of the eponymous diver, after whom the tomb is named. It may symbolize the diver metaphorically "diving" into the afterlife, transitioning from life to death, paralleling scenes in Etruscan art (e.g. the diver scene in the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing). It has also been argued that the local inhabitant was of Italian origin, thus attesting to the cross-cultural contact that characterized Paestum (Greek Poseidonia) from an early date. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further reading:  &lt;br /&gt;Beaulieu, M.-C. 2016. &lt;em&gt;The Sea in the Greek Imagination&lt;/em&gt;. University of Pennsylvania Press. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuck, S. K. 2015. &lt;em&gt;A History of Roman Art&lt;/em&gt;. Wiley-Blackwell. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robinson, E.G.D. 2011. "Identity in the Tomb of the Diver at Poseidonia." In M. Gleba and H. W. Hornaes (eds.), &lt;em&gt;Communicating Identity in Italic Iron Age Communities&lt;/em&gt;. Oxbow Books.</text>
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                <text>Location: National Archaeological Museum of Paestum&#13;
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Date: c. 350 BC&#13;
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